Development of New Medicines A History

Development of New medical specialtys A HistoryAnnaMaria RocaAs many diseases were able to be repossessd cod to overbold medicines, new diseases are soaring such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, peoples lives bring on expanded all around the world due to so many studies that even include drugs. As strange as it sounds, medical drugs became the new thing to cure certain diseases such as tuberculosis. During the time of the 20th century, the medical advances increased in many areas. The advancement evolved in many areas in biology, chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and technology. Due to the knowledge that brought to their understanding, diseases got new treatments and cures as more studies grew larger.Toward the end of the 19th century the study of herbal, chemical, and mineral remedies (what was called material medica) was transformed into the laboratory science of pharmacology(Planetseed). Plant drugs such as opium were being analyized and examined. aft(pre nominal) a temporary hookup, it was ready to be manufactured due to researchers sightly comfortable of their knowledge about the drugs. The pharmaceutical industry was marketing these products near the start of the 20th century. This is when aspirin was invented as the company Bayer employ a systematic chemical named acetylsalicylic acid.Paul Ehrlich studied in pharmacology and created the first efficacious treatment for syphilis. He manufactured the arsenic-based compound Salvarsan in 1909. Ehrlich in any case created the discussion chemotherapy and due to that, formed the first antibiotic drug. Later on, a guy named Gerhard produced the first useful sulfa drug which is also an antibiotic. This was used to treat streptoccal, strep, and diseases, including meningitis. all the same though viral diseases werent being cured by antibiotics, antiviral vaccines did. Smallpox and polio were important to the vaccines that cured them. Polio, which is mainly a disease of childhood, caus es paralysis. Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin were devil scientist that worke to develop a polio vaccine. However, two different versions of this vaccine were developled, which were brought into the world in the mid-1950s. Salks developed the vaccine that was used on the deadly virus, while Sabins was used on the live one. Both that were used resulted in success. Polio was mostly put to rest by the end of the 20th century.In the 1920s, Alexander Fleming studied mold samples and found something that could be very important in the medical field. Mold was growing on bacteria samples which killed them. He recognize the mold as penicillin. During World War II, they used this with their extended research on injured soldiers to test it out the new drug. It turn out very effective against anthrax, tetanus, and syphilis. This was also the first drug that worked against pneumonia.Antiretroviral drugs were developed in the 1980s to combat AIDS. (Retroviruses are a class of virus.) Viruses mutat e so quickly, however, that developing antiviral (and antiretroviral) agents has proved very difficult (Planetseed). So due to this, the multiple studies and hard work to develop a vaccine for malaria and AIDS are unsuccessful. Other antiviral vaccines were also developed to cure measles, chickenpox, and influenza. Vaccines against human papillomavirus and shingles became available in 2006. The first antiviral drug in the 1970s were acyclovir that answered against some forms of herpes. However, this doesnt cure herpes but its useful for not breaking out in herpe sores or blisters. Researchers have used many different approaches to develop drugs for patients. One major revolution in treating illnesses was a new understanding of theimmune system.The advancement in immunology has brought progress to all of the autoimmune diseases. The autoimmune diseases include type 1 diabetes, lupus, tidy dystrophy, and rheumatoid arthritis.the research has led to the development of immunotherapy. That would the use of drugs to modify the immune system. As immunosuppressive drugs help treat autoimmune diseases, it also is a peachy success in the area of organ transplantation. First transplant to occur where the kidneys and then soon later become the first heart transplants. However, those patients didnt pass away that long due to their bodys immune system rejecting the new variety meat. Cyclosporins was then created as the first effective immunosuppressive drug to fix that problem. This sophisticated even further for todays modern surgery that allows any organ of the human body to be transplanted from one individual to another. AIDS brought the science of immunology to new studies. AIDS was considered a death sentence since it destroys the immune system as it resists infection. However, antiretroviral drug treatments extends the lives of individuals for years who are infected for many years, but it still doesnt have a real cure.Studies in the immunological medical search also dealt with genetics. The bodys cells and organisms that could infect it were studied. They then understood the roles of genes, the chromosomes and cell metabolism. Deocyribonuclei acid, also know as DNA is located at the core of the chromosome. After the study of the bodys cells, the biggest breakthrough then happened. A biochemist Frank Crick, and biologist crowd together Watson were able to interpret the structure of DNA and were then able to use it in medicine. They found out that many diseases can be drawn to genes or defective chromosomes. Due to these findings, it is now possible to be tested for diseases like cystic fibrosis, huntingtyons chorea and forms of breast cancer. Genetic engineering even allows us to stick new drugs such as insulin, interferon, human growth hormone, and other hormones used to stimulate blood cell production.Physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen observe X-rays and made it capable to assure at the internal organs of the body. This resulted in eas ier diagnoses for broken bones, cancer, and other diseases. Later on a physiologist, invented the first electrocardiograph. This was used for people with heart problems which the device was used to record electrical activity of the heart muscles. Tubes were then used to drain fluids or used to put in medicine were put into the heart and liver. The technologies that were discovered were ultrasound imaging, computerized tomography scans, positron emission tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging.X-rays are a form of radiation which you would consider very dangerous to the body. After a while Radiologists realized that x rays were a form of radiation and are very dangerous to the body which resulted in them now using the worst doses possible. They also became more knowledgeable about the use of X-rays to destroy unwanted cells. Radiation has become a treatment for cancer. Technology also helps people who submit surgery. It allows the surgeon to look into further of the body wh ich also allows radical invasive surgeries. Flexible endoscopes also became useful for hernias, gall bladders, kidneys, and knees. It is based on a roughage optic technology which is used for a keyhole surgery. It is a scope that has a laser which can cut like a sharp knife which makes a tiny incision. During the mid 20th century, a heart-lung machine was manufactured. It keeps patients alive by maintaining blood circulation while a surgeon is operating on an unbeating heart. insubstantial organs are also a development that became useful for many individuals. Due to the fact that there arent enough organs for people, artificial organs help them to survive until one is found for them. Hemodialysis which was developed by a scientist named Willem Kolff. It helps patients live longer with kidney failure. Missing limbs were also being helped due to the development of prosthetics. Artificial limbs use to be made of metal and wood which later on turned into plastic that was developed in t he mid-20th century. But now, advanced materials, such as carbon fiber, high-tech plastics and metals, have enabled researchers to create devices that operate by electronic attachment to the muscles(Planetseed).In otherwords, Individuals lives have expanded all around the world due to so many studies of different things. The medical advancement evolved in many areas in biology, chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and technology. Due to the knowledge that brought to their understanding like the medical drugs becoming a factor of helping people. As the studies grow, the more treamtns and cure grow because that is the key factor to it all. Studying and learning and eventually achieving what youve been working hard for doesnt save help yourself but other lives as well.WORKS CITED20th Century Medical Advances History of Medicine PlanetSEED. 20th Century Medical Advances History of Medicine PlanetSEED. Web. 18 May 2015.Parker, Steve. Medical Advances. Austin, Tex. Raintree Steck-Vau ghn, 1998. Print.Fong, Kevin. Extreme Medicine How Exploration Transformed Medicine in the Twentieth Century. 2014. Print.